The list includes articles I have written on the topics of equality and labour rights for interpreters and translators, including empirical research, policy analysis, and critical commentary. They are grouped by theme rather than method, and some contributions appear in multiple categories.

The importance of justice and fairness extends beyond the translation industry. As economist Mariana Mazzucato puts it, “no company is working for the common good if the workers who produce the outputs have no voice, are not being fairly compensated and do not share in the rewards” (2026, p.525).

1. Evidence: Research, Literature Reviews, Government Evidence, and Documented Conditions

Purpose: empirical findings, academic studies, official correspondence, investigations, documented working conditions.

Phantoms in the Governance: 11 UK Universities, an Interest Group, and the Mystery of Formal–Informal Partnerships

Tackling “One-Sided Flexibility”: The Department for Business, Innovation, Science and Trade Responds to My Concerns

What does Translation and Interpreting Studies know about the economic lived realities of translators and interpreters?

Write to Your MP: Fair Work and Equality in Public Supply Chains

The Government Has Admitted the Current Framework “Does Not Prevent Worker Exploitation and Leaves Vulnerable Workers without Core Employment Protections.”

Urging the Government to publish its action plan to prevent exploitation within public supply chains: An open letter to the Secretary of State for Education and Minister for Women and Equalities, Bridget Phillipson MP

Academic Research Documents Intensifying Precarity Among Audiovisual Translators in Europe (Albeit with Some Attribution Weaknesses)

Academic Research Documents Poor Job Quality and Intensifying Financial Insecurities Among UK Translators (Albeit with Theoretical and Analytical Weaknesses)

The Role of Outsourcing, Digitalisation, Demographics, and Credentialism in diminishing negotiation power of PSI interpreters.

From Booking Apps to AI: Why Technological Change Is Intensifying Precarity in Outsourced Public Service Interpreting

Working conditions in outsourced public service interpreting: meaningful work under market pressures

Financial insecurity in UK public service interpreting: Excerpts from my PhD study

Who Is Responsible? Research Finds Critical Safety Gaps in Outsourced Public Service Interpreting

What Is the Real Cost of Outsourcing? My Letter to the House of Lords Public Services Committee

Who’s Responsible for the Data Gap About Public Service Interpreters?

– Inequality and Problematic Power Dynamics in the UK Outsourced Public Service Interpreting: A Literature Review

2. Political Economy, Outsourcing, and Labour Relations

Purpose: analysis of power, markets, procurement, risk transfer, commodification.

What Would a Good Society’s Response to the Challenges Facing Translation and Interpreting Look Like?

We Seriously Need to Talk About Alternatives: Continuing My Ethical Plea to Translation Studies

Celebrating International Translation Day with a Candid (Imagined) Conversation with ITI CEO Sara Robertson and Dr. Joseph Lambert

Breaking the Vicious Circle of Normalising Exploitation

What Would a Good Translation Industry Look Like?

Can you imagine what it feels like to be a translation academic in the era of mega commercial intermediaries?

UK Universities Did Not Know an Interest Group Had Been Added to the Association of Programmes in Translation and Interpreting Studies (APTIS)

Ethical Duty of Self-Care: Scene Two of Professionally Speaking

If I Were the Head of ITI

What Would Fair Pay for Translators and Interpreters Actually Look Like?

What Happens If Translators Quit?

Can Industry–Academia Collaboration Find a Fair MTPE Pricing Model Without Addressing What “Fair” Means and Without Asking Translators?

Dear Translators and Interpreters, You Are Not Alone!

Slightly unusual advice to translators and interpreters: read Joseph Stiglitz

Has ITI Been Captured by Corporate Interests While It Still Claims to Be a “Trusted Voice for the Profession”?

Who Is a Language Service Provider, and Who Are the Intermediaries?

Draft Ethical Principles for Professional Organisations

Excuse Me! Does Anyone Here Have “Extreme” Ideas About Due Diligence? Welcome to the Due Diligence Extremists Club

Who Holds Ethical Responsibility in the Translation “Ecosystem”?

Reflections on My Industry–Academia Collaboration and Why I Call on Universities to Undertake Serious Due Diligence

Collaboration or Exclusion? Why is Translation Studies Still Ignoring Power and Legitimacy?

Are You an Employer Who Values Transferable Skills, Linguistic Expertise, and Freelance Experience? It’s Time to Recognize What Translators Can Bring

A Patchwork of Insecure Jobs or Diversification? What the Positive Language of Portfolio Careers Might Be Obscuring

Are You Procuring Translation and Interpreting Services Through Agencies and Platforms? Here’s What You Need to Know

It Could Have Been Me, or Any One of Us: I Continue Writing to Challenge the Scripts of Power

What Does the 2026 World Cup Have in Common with Court Interpreting?

Are Translators Being Treated as Professionals, Entrepreneurs, or “Humans as a Service”?

Are translators really lacking entrepreneurship skills? What is the problem represented to be?

We Must Acknowledge the Ethical and Political Tensions of Advising Translators to Move into “Adjacent Careers”

Who gets to define what counts as credible knowledge about translators’ rights—and whose knowledge is excluded in the process?

We need to talk about the value of translation—but wait… do we mean translators’ labour or LSP services?

Repoliticising Institutional Hybridity and Governmentality: Towards Meaningful Change in Labour Representation by Professional Interpreters for Justice

Theory of Change for the UK Translation and Interpreting Industry: Repoliticising Labour Precarity and Mapping Responsibility

Translation for Whom? Is Translation an Ecosystem, a Collaborative Community, a Profession, a Precarity Trap, or a Site of Exploitation?

What hope is there for translators when their intensifying financial insecurity is often depoliticised, even in The Guardian’s coverage?

Why Translators and Interpreters Are Often Poorly Paid: Corporate Power and Displaced Responsibility

How much does the translation industry cost our society by underpaying its largely precarious workforce?

What Is the Real Cost of Outsourcing? My Letter to the House of Lords Public Services Committee

The Precariat: Critical Insights for Translators and Interpreters in an Age of Insecurity

4 Ethical Reasons Why the UK Should Not ‘Import’ Court Interpreters from Abroad

Concerns Regarding Interpreters’ Representation: An Open Letter to Baroness Morris of Yardley, Chair of the Public Service Committee

Professionalism vs Indentured Labour

3. Professional Bodies, Representation, and Institutional Accountability

Purpose: ITI, CIOL, NRPSI, representation, professionalisation, governance.

Has ITI Been Captured by Corporate Interests While It Still Claims to Be a “Trusted Voice for the Profession”?

Draft Ethical Principles for Professional Organisations

Challenging the System Through Difficult Questions

Who Holds Ethical Responsibility in the Translation “Ecosystem”?

A Patchwork of Insecure Jobs or Diversification? What the Positive Language of Portfolio Careers Might Be Obscuring

The Contradictions of NRPSI: Why Its Current Approach Risks Failing Both Interpreters and the Public

After the BBC Investigation into Death, Bodily Harm, and Exploitation: What Translator Organisations’ Responses Reveal About Representation Failures in Public Service Interpreting

Who Benefits When Professional and Commercial Interests Align—and Celebrate Together?

Educating End Clients About the Economic Conditions of the Translation Industry is Part of Change-Making: It Must Begin with Holding Professional Organisations Accountable

Why Don’t Translators Just Get More Direct Clients?

Why can’t translators go on strike? How dominant narratives obscure the possibility of collective action

We Must Acknowledge the Ethical and Political Tensions of Advising Translators to Move into “Adjacent Careers”

Who Authorised You to Speak for Translators? Access to Work, Power, and Representation in Translation and Interpreting

The Dangerous Politics of “Working Together”: Why Interpreter and Translator Organisations Must Review Their Role in Normalising Outsourcing

10 Concrete Practice-Oriented Changes ITI Can Implement: Moving Beyond Adaptation Toward Labour-Conscious Institutional Framing

Should Translators Pay to Play “Happy Community” with LSPs While Exploitation and Precarity Go Unaddressed? Urgent Changes Needed to ITI’s Conference

Is Professionalisation Rhetoric Contributing to a Precarity Trap for Translators and Interpreters?

Are translators really lacking entrepreneurship skills? What is the problem represented to be?

Is the “Real Value” of ITI Membership Actually Negative? Professionalisation, Risk Transfer, and How Translation Labour Could Be Repoliticised

Why Invoke “A More Joyful Life” While Many Linguists Struggle to Sustain One? An Open Letter to the Head of the Chartered Institute of Linguists

When Representation Obscures Reality: An Open Letter to the Head of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting

The Problem with Challenging Structural Problems: Confronting multiple Stakeholders and Navigating Emotional and Professional Risks

Why Are Translators’ Rights Always Said to Be “Discussed Elsewhere”? Institutional Alignment with Commercial Interests as an Ethical and Strategic Failure

On the ethical importance of recognising the lived realities of interpreters and translators: My letter to Baroness Jean Coussins, the Honorary President of the Chartered Institute of Linguists – Lingua Media Connect

Talent Pipelines or Precarity Pipelines? Setting the Narrative Straight on the UK Language Industry – Lingua Media Connect

Professionalism vs Indentured Labour – Lingua Media Connect

Who regulates NRPSI? And why interpreters should NOT be required to fund its Publications. – Lingua Media Connect

4. Academia, Knowledge Production, and Critical Translation Studies

Purpose: critique of academic framing, industry-academic relationships, research ethics.

Who Speaks for Academia? An Open Letter to ITI’s University Members on Due Diligence, Representation and Academic Independence – Lingua Media Connect

Interest Groups Must Not Be Allowed to Supervise Student Research or Set Research Agendas without Adequate Due Diligence – Lingua Media Connect

UK Universities Did Not Know an Interest Group Had Been Added to the Association of Programmes in Translation and Interpreting Studies (APTIS) – Lingua Media Connect

Corporate Capture of Academic Narratives or Productive Industry–University Collaboration? – Lingua Media Connect

Who Holds Ethical Responsibility in the Translation “Ecosystem”? – Lingua Media Connect

Reflections on My Industry–Academia Collaboration and Why I Call on Universities to Undertake Serious Due Diligence – Lingua Media Connect

Collaboration or Exclusion? Why is Translation Studies Still Ignoring Power and Legitimacy? – Lingua Media Connect

Collaboration Everywhere: Is There Still Space to Critically Examine the Role of Intermediaries in Shaping Translators’ Pay and Working Conditions? – Lingua Media Connect

Translation Studies Needs Stronger Self-Correction Mechanisms – Lingua Media Connect

Should university translation departments belong to the same club as industry lobby groups – Lingua Media Connect

Three UK Universities Deny Having a Partnership with the ATC: On the Ethical Duties to Scrutinise Industry Influence in Translation and Interpreting – Lingua Media Connect

Studying Translation in the Age of AI: What Gets Said, What Gets Left Out – Lingua Media Connect

Understanding the Rise of Attribution Bias in Translation Studies: Four structural reasons responsibility is increasingly misattributed in scholarly discussions of translators’ working conditions – Lingua Media Connect

Spotting Ethical-Washing in the Translation Industry: Lessons from Greenwashing – Lingua Media Connect

Good Translation Jobs Require Good Translation Companies: Why This Simple Logic Is Often Obscured — and Why Universities Must Remain Independent – Lingua Media Connect

A Patchwork of Insecure Jobs or Diversification? What the Positive Language of Portfolio Careers Might Be Obscuring – Lingua Media Connect

Confronting Critical Blind Spots in Sustainability Discourse in Translation Studies: Advancing Ethical Labour Practices and Critiquing Profit-Driven Models – Lingua Media Connect

On the Ethical Risks of Translation Academics “Collaborating” with the Industry Without Adequate Critical Engagement and Objective Analysis  – Lingua Media Connect

Who gets to define what counts as credible knowledge about translators’ rights—and whose knowledge is excluded in the process? – Lingua Media Connect

Is Professionalisation Rhetoric Contributing to a Precarity Trap for Translators and Interpreters? – Lingua Media Connect

Why can’t translators go on strike? How dominant narratives obscure the possibility of collective action – Lingua Media Connect

5. Resources for Practitioners: Agency, Rights, and Collective Action

Purpose: a collection of critical resources for practitioners, and should not be read as a “career advice”

Challenging the System Through Difficult Questions – Lingua Media Connect

Three Lessons from Women’s Rights Movements for Translators – Lingua Media Connect

Educating End Clients About the Economic Conditions of the Translation Industry is Part of Change-Making: It Must Begin with Holding Professional Organisations Accountable – Lingua Media Connect

The Precariat: Critical Insights for Translators and Interpreters in an Age of Insecurity – Lingua Media Connect

Before Setting New Year’s Resolutions: Beware the Trap of CPD for Precarious Workers (AKA Freelancers) – Lingua Media Connect

Why can’t translators go on strike? How dominant narratives obscure the possibility of collective action – Lingua Media Connect

Are translators really lacking entrepreneurship skills? What is the problem represented to be? – Lingua Media Connect

Why Don’t Translators Just Get More Direct Clients? – Lingua Media Connect

About the author
Fardous Bahbouh is a researcher and broadcast interpreter specialising in labour rights and the political economy of the translation and interpreting industry. Alongside her academic research, she continues to work with agencies and production companies that value interpreters and translators and provide fair working conditions. She also runs a small translation company and does not generalise critiques of unfair intermediaries to all translation companies or agencies.

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